Design, calibration, and validation of the GMAO OSSE:

Errico, R. M., R. Yang, N. Privé, K.-S. Tai, R. Todling, M. Sienkiewicz, and J. Guo, 2013. Development and validation of observing-system simulation experiments at NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 139, 1162-1178. doi: 10.1002/qj2027. Link to Published Version

Privé, N., R. M. Errico, and K.-S. Tai, 2013. Validation of forecast skill of the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office observing system simulation experiment. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 1354-1363. doi: 10.1002/qj.2029. Link to Published Version

Investigations using the GMAO OSSE along with some design and calibration improvements:

Privé, N., R. Errico, and A. El Akkraoui. 2022. Investigation of the potential saturation of information from Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation observations with an observing system simulation experiment. Mon. Weather Rev., in press. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-21-0230.1 Link to Published Version

Privé, N. C., R. M. Errico, and W. McCarty, 2021. The importance of simulated errors in Observing System Simulation Experiments. Tellus A, 147, 121-138. doi:10.1080/16000870.2021.1886795. Link to Published Version

Privé, N. C., 2021. Comment on "Use of Observing System Simulation Experiments in the U.S.". Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,102, 1, E80-E83. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0240.1. Link to Published Version

Privé, N. C., R.M. Errico, R. Todling, and A. El Akkraoui, 2021. Evaluation of adjoint-based observation impacts as a function of forecast length using an Observing System Simulation Experiment. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 147, 734, 121-138. doi:10.1002/qj.3909 Link to Published Version

McCarty, W., D. Carvalho, I. Moradi, and N. C. Privé, 2021. Observing System Simulation Experiments Investigating Atmospheric Motion Vectors and Radiances from a Constellation of 4-5 um Infrared Sounders. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 38, 2, 331-347. doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0109.1. Link to Published Version

El Akkraoui, A., D. Carvalho, R. M. Errico, N. C. Privé, and M. G. Bosilovich, 2021. The impact of analysis error on the convergence of reanalysis production streams in MERRA-2. Monthly Weather Review, 149, 1041-1054. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-20-0256.1. Link to Published Version

Errico, R.M., D. Carvalho, N. Privé, and M. Sienkiewicz, 2020. Simulation of atmospheric motion vectors for an observing system simulation experiment. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 37, 489-505. doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-19-0079.1. Link to Published Version

Privé, N. and R. Errico, 2019. Uncertainty of observation impact estimation in an adjoint model investigated with an Observing System Simulation Experiment. Mon. Weather Rev., 147, 3191-3204. doi::10.1175/MWR-D-19-0097.1 Link to Published Version

Errico, R.M. and N. Privé, 2018. Some general and fundamental requirements for designing observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). WWRP 2018-8, World Meteorological Organization. Link to Published Version

Privé, N. C., and R. M. Errico, 2016. Temporal and spatial interpolation errors of high-resolution modeled atmospheric fields. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 33, 303-311. doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0132.1. Link to Published Version

Errico, R. M., N. Privé, and W. Gu, 2015. Use of an OSSE to evaluate background error covariances estimated by the "NMC method". Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 141, 611-618. doi:10.1002/qj.2384. Link to Published Version

Privé, N., R. Errico, 2015. Spectral analysis of forecast error investigated with an observing system simulation experiment. Tellus, 67, 25977. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v67.25977. Link to Published Version

Errico, R. M., and N. Privé, 2014. An estimate of some analysis error statistics using the GMAO observing system simulation framework. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 140, 1005-1012. doi:10.1002/qj.2180. Link to Published Version

Privé, N., R. Errico, and K.-S. Tai, 2014. The impact of increased frequency of rawinsonde observations on forecast skill investigated with an observing system simulation experiment. Mon. Weather Rev., 142, 1823-1834. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-13-00237.1. Link to Published Version

Privé, N. C., R. M. Errico, and K.-S. Tai, 2013. The influence of observation errors on analysis error and forecast skill investigated with an observing system simulation experiment. J. Geophys. Res. - Atmos, 118, 5332-5346. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50452. Link to Published Version

Privé, N., and R. M. Errico, 2013. The role of model and initial condition error in numerical weather forecasting investigated with an observing system simulation experiment. Tellus-A, 65, 21740. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.21740. Link to Published Version